The Three Phases of Jihadism

... France, who had worked in London as the spokesperson for the Algerian GIA before joining Bin Laden as his PR person. He became dissatisfied with what he called the hubris of 9/11 and developed a new vision. He considered that the failure of phase two of jihadism was due to that it was perceived as pyramidal and neo-Leninist and that it should be replaced with a reticular network, which would establish a presence within the middle enemy, from the Levant to Western Europe. The new strategy would make use of Muslim groups in Europe as a basis for recruitment of jihadists, as they had already been deeply califized by Saudi Arabia. After Arab upheavals destroyed the security order and cause a situation of chaos ...