... positioning itself as a spacefaring nation in 1961 when its government, being supported by the USA, first initiated the program of space exploration and organized the special National commission, successfully transformed into National Institute for Space Research (INPE) in 1971.
The 1960s marked a “golden age” for Brazil: rocketry and space exploration firmly occupied a certain niche in the development and strategic planning of the state due to the country’s geography. The size of the country,...
... fallen out of favour. Both Russia and the United States closed their ambitious projects to study deep space in 2011–2012, effectively putting an end to the most recent attempts of the great powers to make a significant breakthrough in the field of space research. There has also been a lack of significant progress in the study of near space following the deployment of the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) in 2012. Projects to militarize outer space have also been pushed into the ...
... thoroughly examine outer space exploration projects. The reduction of NASA programs has demonstrated that America lacks technological resources for their realization. Has Russia got adequate resources? There is a need to hold a broad discussion on outer space research projects.
However, here lies one of the weakest points of Russian space programs. In contrast with the USA (and recently China) few professional papers on space research have been published in this country. The shelves of bookshops are ...
