.... They can simply add Russian oil tankers to the lists of blocked ships. Then their service in foreign ports will be significantly hampered. Secondary American sanctions and fines are feared even in friendly countries. The experience of secondary US sanctions being used against the Chinese COSCO Shipping Tanker and some other companies for the alleged transportation of Iranian oil in 2019 can serve as a warning. The European Union has also provided for a mechanism to punish ships carrying Russian oil above the price ceiling. Violating ships will be denied financial, insurance and other services in EU jurisdiction. The wording of paragraph 7 of Art. 3n of EU Council ...
..., the law made it possible to impose sectoral sanctions against companies in the mining, metalworking and railway industries.
Ivan Timofeev:
Sanctions at a Bifurcation Point
The period from 2019 to 2020 is associated with a qualitative expansion of European Union sanctions against Russia. At this time, the EU created new legal mechanisms for the introduction of restrictive measures and applied them against Russian individuals and organizations. This foreshadowed a change in the EU’s approach to sanctions policy ...
... greater extent affect the issues of technology and "dual-use" goods.
The total amount of all payments to the US Treasury amounted to a little over $5.7 billion, $5.3 billion of which was paid by financial sector companies, mainly from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK. The bank
BNP Paribas
paid a record fine - more than $963 million, for violating the US sanctions regimes against Sudan (in force at that time), Iran, Cuba and Myanmar. The bank conducted 3,897 prohibited transactions through US financial institutions. The management was aware of this, which was an aggravating circumstance in this case, ...
... expressed their willingness to allocate funds for the reconstruction of Damascus. Saudi Arabia was also
eyeing
this possibility, despite COVID-19 and the economic fallout. But sanctions have affected the plans of the Arab monarchies. Furthermore, the European Union is in thrall to the U.S. sanctions policy in the new environment. Even if the EU
tried
to lift some of its sanctions in exchange for specific moves by Damascus, Europe would automatically fall under the secondary U.S. sanctions. Thus, the Syrians’ hope for post-war reconstruction ...
... oil and gold sectors in Venezuela or on the oil industry in Iran. Blocking financial sanctions were also combined with more familiar sanctions instruments, including export or import bans.
It would seem that the rapid economic growth of China and the European Union should have interfered with US leadership and reduced the severity of sanctions. However, it turned out that the size of a given economy is not commensurate with possibilities for using it for political purposes. Neither the European Union nor China have yet been able to catch up with the United States in terms of the scale ...
...
Interestingly, the European Union has previously been critical of the American practice of secondary sanctions. A cold shower for Europeans, for example, was the US unilateral withdrawal from the “nuclear deal” with Iran in 2018. Washington renewed its sanctions, while the European Union did not take such a step. However, businesses from EU countries were forced to comply with US law and leave Iran, fearing the same secondary sanctions, which irritated Brussels. There was also concern about the breadth of the American interpretation ...
... the countries mentioned above and a reduction in the number of visas issued from the rest. Let's try to figure out what the EU and Russia will gain and lose from such a development.
Vadim Voinikov:
Legal and Political Aspects of EU’s Possible Visa Sanctions Against Russian Nationals
For the European Union, the benefits of visa restrictions are mainly symbolic. Visa sanctions are another measure that can be written down as an asset in containing Russia. They can be regarded as a signal that there will be no return to the conditionally pre-February ...
...
Legal aspect
Technically, the EU law does not provide for such a ban. Under Article 215 of the
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
, restrictive measures may entail partial or complete suspension or reduction of economic and financial relations ... ... one or several third countries, and also measures against natural and legal persons, groups, or non-State entities. Individual sanctions may envisage visa restrictions, yet the Union’s law does not grant the EU the option on introducing a blanket visa ...
It is necessary to be ready for a scenario where the property of individuals and structures in the EU is confiscated, as well as their criminal prosecution in certain EU countries for violating sanctions legislation
The seventh package of the European Union sanctions against Russia in connection with the events in Ukraine will be remembered for its ban on the import of Russian gold, the expansion of export controls, as well as its list of blocked individuals and organisations. However, an important new feature ...
... even though Moscow officially condemned their use, and Russia itself had been hit by a number of restrictive measures. European businesses have also been hit hard by US fines and are complying with US regulations despite Brussels’ grumblings. The European Union itself is actively developing its own tools and restrictive measures.
The modern policy of sanctions also gives rise to the reincarnation of the practice of issuing “jarligs”. By imposing restrictions in a particular area, the US Treasury can, for example, issue a general license that allows certain transactions. Similar permissions are ...
