Russia and China in the Arctic: Cooperation, Competition, and Consequences

China and Russia act in accordance with their own interests, which are not always identical. For the time being, the creation of a Russo-Chinese ... ... newfound presence in the region as a threat to the West. 1 Russia, in turn, has expressed concern about the growing U.S. and NATO military activity in Europe’s North and the adjacent seas. There is a sense of new Sino-American bipolarity in the air....