Post-Soviet Turkmenistan: A Little-Known Present and an Uncertain Future

... most significant achievement was the construction of gas pipelines into China, as it reduced its dependence on exporting gas to Russia. However, other projects (in particular, the Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India [TAPI] Pipeline and the Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline) were never implemented. Under President Berdimuhamedow, relations with Russia ... ... serious problems for organizing international efforts to aid Turkmenistan. AP Photo/Melad Hamedi/East News Grigory Lukyanov: The Islamic State in Afghanistan: a Real Threat to the Region? On the whole, it should be noted that extremist sentiments have never ...