... diversify exports to an extent possible, as well as to secure sustained imports of food and key consumer goods.
Let’s take a closer look at Kazakhstan’s exports. Minerals, primarily crude oil, form the basis of exports. According to the Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, oil exports from the Republic in 2021 amounted to 67.6 million tons. Almost 80% of Kazakhstan’s oil is exported through the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC). The consortium connects Kazakhstan’s fields with the port in Novorossiysk, from where oil ...
... become the “helper-outer” in achieving the 30% threshold of energy independence by 2030 (the capability to provide on one’s own for basic internal needs) and in handling seasonal spikes in power consumption with account for reduced imports of crude oil and coal.
The Sixth Strategic Energy Plan
entails bringing the NPPs’ share in the gross power generation to 20–22% by 2030. However, this will require recommissioning two thirds of the existing power units (their overall number is 54), many of which are deemed outdated and should ...
Working Paper No. 63
Working Paper No. 63
Cooperation in the energy sector is one of the most important facets of Russian foreign policy. Interaction in this area helps to develop mutually beneficial trade relations and ensure the energy security of Russia and its partners. Energy cooperation between Russia and ...
Russian Oil Companies Return to post-Saddam Iraq
Russian energy companies in Iraq have maintained their presence in the country regardless of the political forces in power, working within the current domestic political situation. Prior to the Syrian campaign of 2015, which was assumed to mark Russia’s active ...
... will not be implemented even in oil- and capital-rich states of the region. There is also little hope for a sharp increase in the energy efficiency of the regional economy. Natural gas has gained importance, accounting for more than half of the total energy demand, oil has shrunk to below 40 percent. The geographic structure of hydrocarbon exports is gradually changing in favor of the countries of East and South Asia (Japan, China, South Korea, India), followed by Europe. The United States is becoming the main energy ...
... № 48/2019
This working paper was prepared by the Russian International Affairs Council as part of the RIAC’s project on «Conflicts in the Middle East: Tools and Strategies for Settlement». This paper is devoted to analyzing the situation in the oil and gas market in Iraq and Syria, as well as the energy policy of Russia in the Arab Mashreq region. The authors also analyze Iraq’s oil prospects in the post-war period under sanctions against Iran. Special attention is paid to the Kurdish factor and the role the Kurds play in the future of energy ...
... oil exports was a bit different. Tehran did not manage to raise or even to restore its pre-2012 levels. There are several
fundamental reasons
for that.
It is important to remember, that after sanctions are lifted, it’s usually extremely hard for an oil exporter to regain its share of the energy market. Once one is out, other players rush in to substitute the missing volumes. Once he is back, no one will willingly allow him to regain his market share. This played an important role in hindering Iran from restoring its pre-2012 sanctions ...
... which stands among the most important topics of contemporary economic discourse, with a focus on Russia’s position and development. He divided the presentation into three parts: the sanctions and their effect on the Russian market, the world price of oil, and the role of gas in Russia’s future.
He first discussed the impact of sanctions on the development of Russian energy, claiming that the sanctions themselves did not cause significant damage to Russia’s energy industry, but contributed instead to the balancing of industry towards the state. Modern technologies, which are currently underdeveloped in Russia, have ...
... mostly exploits open-access oil resources. In 10-20 years, they will be replaced by isolated oil and Russia may face decline in oil production and export. To overcome these possible difficulties, the government needs to stimulate import substitution in oil and gas engineering, energy engineering, petroleum chemistry and crude oil refining. As a result, the sanctions imposed by Western countries have narrowed the window of cooperation possibilities between Russia and the EU in energy security.
Major trade movements of natural ...
... Foreign Minister during his visit in 2007.
Despite its attempt to secure national interest, for now the US’ presence in the region is very limited for several reasons. Firstly, “current U.S. government policy on the procurement of African oil based on the National Energy Policy of 17 May 2001” has become outdated with the recent emergence of new gas producers such as Tanzania and Mozambique. In 2001, Africa was not yet a “pillar of global energy security
[5]
”, whereas today it is expected to ...
