... has changed twice in this part of Eurasia. As a result of the Second Karabakh War in 2020, the balance of power—maintained for 26 years—underwent radical transformations. And this did not only concern a separate ethno-political conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. There was a quality change in the role of external forces. Turkey’s unprecedented involvement in the Azerbaijani military campaign to restore the latter’s territorial integrity was the first case of disturbing the status quo in the region, all that with a non-Soviet state and a NATO member involved. In September ...
... is one serious obstacle in the relations between India and Azerbaijan—the latter supports the Pakistani stance on Kashmir. Turkey also has a similar position on this issue. This Ankara-Baku-Islamabad trilateral format became evident in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, when both participants actively supported Azerbaijan's actions. Trilateral cooperation has also inspired India to create its own trilateral format—India, Armenia and Iran. Notably, Armenia has shown clear support for India's approach to Kashmir. This trilateral cooperation focuses ...
... between three options: direct control from the center, self-determination of the autonomy and the integrity of the AzSSR. As a result, the intra-state conflict turned into an interstate confrontation involving various external actors (Russia, Iran, Turkey, the U.S. and the European Union).
However, the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict had its own logic and dynamics. And it would be wrong to consider it only as one of the factors (albeit an important one) of the Soviet collapse. The appeal as of February 20, 1988 did not arise out of nothing. It was based on the ...
... to the borders of Russia.
Ivan Timofeev:
Ukrainian Crisis. Who Has the Upper Hand?
Turkey appears to be one of the key beneficiaries of the conflict. Ankara skilfully... ... plays an independent role. The Ukrainian crisis has strengthened the status of Ankara.
Azerbaijan is another winning player. Baku maintains partnership relations with Moscow... ...
Robert Quinn Carolan:
Neck and Neck: Ankara and Moscow in the New ‘Race for Africa’
Armenia also receives its bonuses from the conflict. Tens of thousands of Russians are...
... Azerbaijani control. Instead, it could maintain it as an independent entity controlled by Russian peacekeepers, allowing Armenians and Azerbaijanis to co-exist and live together again. Historical and cultural monuments—both Christian Armenian and Islamic—would be restored and preserved under Russian protection. These would include the
Dadivank
and
Amaras
monasteries.
Basel Haj Jasem:
Will Moscow Lead a Historic Reconciliation Between Turkey and Armenia?
The road to such a peace is certainly not easy, but Moscow understands that decisive steps must be taken to ...
... world, and it will also benefit the Turkish regions bordering Armenia, where local people have long wanted to strengthen ties to boost their local economies.
Ankara surprised Baku at the end of 2009 by announcing the beginning of normalization with Armenia, the archenemy of Azerbaijan and Turkey. Azerbaijan denounced that step at that time and considered that this would lead to an increase in tension in the South Caucasus if it were not accompanied by a solution to the crisis in the Nagorno-Karabakh region and the occupied Azerbaijani ...
... Azerbaijani city of Tovuz, which witnessed penultimate clashes between Azerbaijan and Armenia in July, proves that the recent clashes had nothing to do with the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region, as it is far from the Azerbaijani territories occupied by Armenia.
The city of Tovuz is located near the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum natural gas pipeline, both of which are gates for Azerbaijan to transport its oil and natural gas, the so-called "Caspian Sea wealth," to Turkey, Europe and other global markets.
A Blow to Russian Interests
Christian Wollny:
Nagorno-Karabakh: A Frozen Conflict Rethawed
The location of the attack or the clashes indicates that they were against Turkish-Western and Turkish-Azerbaijani interests....
... fundamental part of any modern-day battle plan. However, they are liable to be just as damaging as conventional weapons.
What Can EU Do For You?
It is clear that a solution in the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh is inconceivable without Russia. With Turkey deliberately instigating the Azerbaijan government, Russia sees itself as a mediator to both, Armenia and Azerbaijan. While there is a
Russian military base
located in Armenia, and is considered Armenia’s protector, Russian neutrality goes so far that Moscow supplies
weapons to both sides of the conflict
. While Russia's military strength ...
... of Nakhichevan. N-K, together with the Lachin corridor connecting it with Armenia, was supposed to enter Armenia, which would not lose the border with Iran, only transferred to the north of the current one, while the part of Nakhichevan departing to Armenia would exclude the connection of Azerbaijan with Turkey, which is strategically dangerous for Yerevan.
5. Finally, I will name one more project that was developed by the Russian and American co-chairs of the Group on Regional Conflicts of the Russian-American Dartmouth Conference, where I was previously ...
... its statements to the OSCE. To date, it is more than 10 American states that recognise Nagorno-Karabakh as an independent country, making the debate difficult for Washington, which prefers to avoid pronouncing itself on the question so as not to offend Turkey within NATO and the Armenian diaspora in the United States.
France, like the European Union, mentions international law and recalls the membership of Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan. However, Paris does not fail to take into account the reality on the ground and the need to find a solution between the protagonists and above all, without violence.
The recent events of September 2020 make the members of the Minsk Group ...
