Russia and Turkey: Approaches to Regional Security in the Middle East

... with the involvement of other countries in the region, including Iran and Iraq. Following the events of 2015–2017, both Russia ... ... process of political settlement and post-conflict reconstruction in Syria. Considering the enormous amount of money needed to revive ... ... participant.” [ 44 ] Both Turkey and Russia cooperate within a number of international security organizations, including the Organization ... ... 2017 were affected by the decision of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to isolate Qatar with a blockade. While Russia chose not ...