The Three Phases of Jihadism
... scientist and Arabist, specialized in contemporary issues of the Middle East and Muslims in the West. He is a professor and director of the Middle East and Mediterranean ... ... an author of 20 books. His latest book , “Beyond Chaos: The Crisis in the Mediterranean and the Middle East,” is an analysis ... ... 1997, was centered around both a jihad against the Soviets in Afghanistan and the possibility for Sunni groups to contain Iranian ... ... This allowed them to build a mechanism that would lead to the Islamic State and to the Caliphate which was proclaimed in June ...
08.05.2019