Strategic Implications of the Melting Arctic Sea Ice for Indonesia

... food security. Several challenges and opportunities concerning the Arctic directly impact Indonesia’s foreign policy framework, the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF). The opening of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) creates three distinct pressures across the GMF's pillars: Pillar II (Economy): The NSR threatens to diversify global shipping lanes, reducing trade volume and revenue from the traditionally critical Malacca Strait. Pillar III (Infrastructure): The development compels Indonesia to innovate its maritime infrastructure, facing pressure ...