The Three Phases of Jihadism
... expand by recruiting brothers, training them in the Middle East or Pakistan, and sending them back to Europe ... ... establish caliphates. The third phase of Jihadism, namely ISIS, held a post-millenarian perspective, as opposed ... ... which was pre-millenarian. By the same token, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi independently developed a form of jihad ... ... With this support, they established a network in Syria and Iraq which eventually became the Caliphate.... ... them to build a mechanism that would lead to the Islamic State and to the Caliphate which was proclaimed ...
08.05.2019