Moscow Is Still Central Asia’s Top Security Ally

... latter appears to be as less effective as compared to bilateralism. In 1992, the representatives of Russia, Armenia and the four Central Asian states met in Tashkent, where the Collective Security Treaty was signed. This treaty would have bound them to a ... ... security architecture based on joint military exercises, supplies of modern weapons and equipment of military bases. However, the CSTO has been criticized throughout the years for having missed some opportunities of intervention, like during the 2010 Osh protests in Kyrgyzstan. Member states have, in fact, been reluctant to intervene in ethnic or internal conflicts. Furthermore, in 2017 the ...