The Three Phases of Jihadism
... impact of this development on Saudi Arabia and then later Iran, through three stages of Jihadism. This analysis is taken from an interview with Dr. Kepel. Stages of Jihadism... ... present from 1979 to 1997, was centered around both a jihad against the Soviets in Afghanistan and the possibility for Sunni groups to contain Iranian influence at the time. It was effective against Russia in Afghanistan, but this phase was not very successful elsewhere and failed in... ... through phishing actions. This allowed them to build a mechanism that would lead to the Islamic State and to the Caliphate which was proclaimed in June 2014. However the post-millenarian...