The Three Phases of Jihadism
... centered around both a jihad against the Soviets in Afghanistan and the possibility for Sunni groups to ... ... Iranian influence at the time. It was effective against Russia in Afghanistan, but this phase was not very ... ... Duclos: Four Dreadful Scenarios for Tomorrow’s Syria and What We Can Do To Avoid Them The third phase ... ... and tacticians who share the same given name, Abu Musab al-Suri and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. Abu Musab al-Suri ... ... them to build a mechanism that would lead to the Islamic State and to the Caliphate which was proclaimed ...