Politics and the Dilemmas of Knowledge Capital in the Arab World

... producing and forming the critical mass of knowledge capital. In this context, to demonstrate the fragility of Arab knowledge strategies and the lack of vision at the political level related to knowledge performance, we only have to pose the following dilemmas: The small size of Arab government spending on scientific research, which has become an essential part of the soft power of countries: According to reports by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), total spending on scientific research in the Arab world does not exceed 0.59% of the gross domestic product, compared to the global average of approximately 3%. The scarcity of support for book ...