Breaking the Ice: The Northern Sea Route

..., which is up by ~297% from 2008 or in monetary terms $4 million for a full fill up for an equivalent of an OOCL Atlanta. As bunker fuel can add up to more than 70% of shippers’ voyage expenses (see: Standards & Poor’s, 2013), then cutting ... ... season breaking power is needed. In addition, in certain years as was the case in September 2013 the two crucial bypasses in the Arctic waters froze over. Moreover, contrary to what some may think, even ice plateaus are not immobile, as they shift naturally ...