The Sanctioned Sanctuary: How Economic Pressure Creates Refugee Magnets

... estimated at approximately $4,630 in 2024 , while Afghanistan's stood at a mere $409.01, representing an eleven-fold difference in economic capacity. Within this context, Iran's informal sector, though strained by international sanctions, offered Afghan refugees wages of approximately $4 per day in construction work—triple the post-2021 minimum wage in Afghanistan. Educational infrastructure presents another critical dimension of comparative stability; Iran's literacy rate reached 90.7% in 2024, compared to Afghanistan's 37.1% as of the latest 2022 statistics. Crucially, unlike Afghanistan's complete ...