The Three Phases of Jihadism

... to increase presence in Syria and send forces to Khmeimim, and Western presence increased in the campaign to terminate ISIS. How ... ... territorial strongholds, and the ability to call themselves an “Islamic State.” According to Dr. Kepel, this is the end of Phase ... ... Andrey Kortunov, Malcolm Chalmers: Upholding Stability in the Middle East: An Opportunity for Russia–Europe Cooperation? Dr.... ... which is a request Russia cannot accommodate. Russia learned in Afghanistan to limit the number of foot soldiers they deploy. Therefore,...