... In any case, in late 1989 and early 1990, the leadership of the USSR (and other states) believed German unification to be inevitable. It was not a question of ‘if,’ but ‘how.’
And here one can more concretely criticize the Soviet leadership.
World Order in Lieu of Internal Order
Gorbachev and Honecker disliked each other. Gorbachev blamed the GDR’s collapse on its stubborn unwillingness to accept perestroika, which probably led to his emotional perception of things.
But the West applauded ...
Eighty years after Yalta, here’s why it can’t be repeated
Eighty years ago, on February 4, 1945, the Yalta Conference brought together the leaders of the anti-Hitler coalition to lay the groundwork for the post-war world order. This was a landmark event that shaped global relations for decades. While the Helsinki Final Act of 1975 marked another milestone, it was an extension of Yalta’s principles rather than a new foundation. Since the end of the Cold War, however,...
... decisive phase with the outbreak of fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh, Ukraine, and Palestine. These conflicts, directly linked to the great powers, are painful and destructive, but implicitly motivated by the need to resolve the contradictions impeding the new world order’s formation.
In the fall of 2024, such an understanding is in need of correction.
First,
regarding nuclear weapons. It is not that they have ceased to function as a deterrent. Their possession by Russia, China—and to some extent Israel—does ...
