Securitization of Physical Cyberspace Infrastructure as a Nexus in U.S.-Russia Relations: The Case of Submarine Communications Cables

... these may well derive from differing levels of governance not necessarily within the context of the U.S.-Russia relationship Submarine communications cables (SCCs) are essential to all contemporary forms of global communications. SCCs are more reliable ... ... cybernorms. During the 2021 Russia-United States Summit in Geneva, President Biden annunciated that cyberattacks on sixteen critical infrastructure sectors, including the communications sector, would lead to cyberspace-based retaliation [ 26 ]. The communications ...