The Three Phases of Jihadism
... an author of 20 books. His latest book , “Beyond Chaos: The Crisis in the Mediterranean and the Middle East,” is an analysis ... ... development on Saudi Arabia and then later Iran, through three stages of Jihadism. This analysis is taken from an interview with Dr. Kepel.... ... contain Iranian influence at the time. It was effective against Russia in Afghanistan, but this phase was not very successful elsewhere ... ... This allowed them to build a mechanism that would lead to the Islamic State and to the Caliphate which was proclaimed in June ...
08.05.2019