... technology is the most sophisticated one, with main challenges related to fuels and materials required for propulsion at hypersonic speeds.
Who are the players?
Currently the most active and diverse hypersonic weapons related programs are ongoing in Russia, China and the United States. These three countries are pursuing the whole range of technologies and capabilities with tactical and strategic missions, have the best expertise, testing facilities and domestic production for most components. France, India,...
...
Getting China involved in nuclear arms limitations is difficult. China, of course, has always been involved in the more extensive nuclear negotiations in recent decades: it has joined the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Unlike the U.S. and Russia, China has a No First Use (NFU) doctrine, saying the PLA will never use nuclear weapons first. Chinese officials say that they are uninterested in joining Russian-US agreements like INF and New START since they have fewer nuclear weapons than Russia or the U.S. They also claim, not very credibly, that their weapons do not ...
... strategic relations between Russia and the United States, as well as by the appearance of a new global centre of power, namely China, which is not involved in the nuclear disarmament process.
The gradual erosion of the strategic arms limitation and reduction ... ... limitation of nuclear arms are being held.
Nuclear missile multipolarity
, which consists in a growing number of states possessing nuclear weapons and the increasing probability of their proliferation.
The trend towards doctrinal changes among nuclear powers
...
... subsequently reductions on nuclear weapons after thirty years of such steps being taken overwhelmingly by Russia and the United States. For instance, it’s frequently suggested that the three other nuclear signatories of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)—the U.K., France, and China—be included in the process first, followed by the four non-signatories: Israel, India, Pakistan, and North Korea. This would have a positive political impact on the nuclear non-proliferation regime, especially given the fact that the five NPT ...
... criticizing the INF Treaty, Trump administration officials have focused more on the fact that the treaty imposes no limitations on China’s nuclear forces.
Second, traditional, legally-binding agreements that are subject to ratification—which have long constituted ... ... out. Not only is it difficult and perhaps even impossible to ratify any national agreement today, especially with regards to nuclear weapons, the ongoing U.S.-Russia confrontation further complicates this process. Under such strained conditions, whether ...
... as obvious. Such channels could be set up in the form of a “crisis management centre” involving North Korea, South Korea, China, the United States, Japan and Russia.
Third, the international community is within its rights to demand a guarantee from ... ... Accordingly, it is necessary to step up international cooperation in this area. As far as we can tell, the proliferation of nuclear weapons and missile technologies is not national idea or strategic goal of North Korea. Rather, it pursues mercantile ...
... capable of launching the missile for a long distance. In fact, as of today, it is not completely clear what is really happening in the DPRK, as well as in the PRC.
Ilya Kravchenko
expressed doubts about the effectiveness of the tripartite dialogue on nuclear weapons both among the DPRK, China, and the U.S., and among the DPRK, PRC, and Russia. All the states are now arguing about testifies in favor of the fact that non-proliferation does not really work. It's easy to talk about non-proliferation at forums and summits, but when it comes ...
... Nobel Committee announced that it was awarding the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize to ICAN – the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. The choice was largely symbolic as with the escalation of the North Korean crisis the threat of the use of the nuclear weapons becomes real for the first time in many years. Although there is general consensus between Russia, China and the US on the need to contain nuclear ambitions of Pyongyang, diverse differences between the three countries impedes them from efficient cooperation on the issue.
How non-proliferation regime can be strengthened in the new international conditions?...
... escalation could happen at any moment.
The Northeast Asian drama involves three main actors: North Korea, the United States, and China. What are the motives behind the key characters in this drama, which more often than not smacks of farce?
North Korea is ... ... South Korea. The only way for Pyongyang to safeguard itself against its external enemies and preserve sovereignty is to have nuclear weapons.
Alexey Arbatov:
U.S. Nuclear Warheads' Scary Modernization
The U.S., for its part, is trying to prevent the ...
... proposal, given Russia’s heavy reliance on land-based ICBMs?
What other proposals might also help end a new nuclear arms race? Should the INF treaty and other treaties be updated or expanded to include other states, such as the European states and China?
Washington is also in the process of modernizing its tactical nuclear weapons systems, such as the B-61-12, in part by extending its range. For its part, Moscow has threatened to deploy its Iskander tactical nuclear weapons systems in Kaliningrad and Crimea. Russian nuclear strategy purportedly sees tactical nuclear ...
