The International System between Crisis and Revolution
... many examples of revolutionary transformations of regional and even global systems of international relations. Yet, today’s situation has no historical precedents in many... ... of the game in international affairs. This was the case with the inauguration of the Westphalian system (1648), the Vienna system of the European Concert (1815), the Versailles... ... direct military confrontation with each other, while indirect confrontations (NATO – Russia, U.S. – China, Collective West – Global South) can last for a very long time...