The Three Phases of Jihadism

... caliphates. The third phase of Jihadism, namely ISIS, held a post-millenarian perspective,... ... pre-millenarian. By the same token, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi independently developed a ... ... was far more focused on killing Shias than westerners, targeting the heretics before ... ... became the Caliphate. The third phase of Jihadism did not take place on the stage of ... ... build a mechanism that would lead to the Islamic State and to the Caliphate which was ... ... ground: the 2015 JCPOA agreement allowed Russia to increase presence in Syria and send ...