Moscow Is Still Central Asia’s Top Security Ally

... compared to bilateralism. In 1992, the representatives of Russia, Armenia and the four Central Asian states met in Tashkent, where the Collective Security Treaty was signed... ... exercises, supplies of modern weapons and equipment of military bases. However, the CSTO has been criticized throughout the years for having missed some opportunities of... ... was probably the desire to include, among others, the Uzbek personnel–given that Uzbekistan left the CSTO in 2012 [ v ]. The Russian presence in terms of military bases...