Russian Cyber Sovereignty: One Step Ahead

... submarines conducted espionage and eavesdropping operations on Soviet undersea communication cables. Today, both the U.S. , Russia , China , and other capable powers conduct underwater espionage operations. Next is the information layer, comprised of ... ... crisis," China (as well as others) is promoting an intelligent and data-driven campaign against its global adversaries. Cyber Warfare: A Tool of International Security Since Westphalia , states longed to preserve their sovereignty. States, especially great powers, usually prefer to avoid conventional conflict and to avoid MAD (Mutual Assured ...