The Dilemma of European Social Democracy: Spanish Edition

... lose ground, with its worst result in the entire democratic period. The weakened position of PSOE was related to the crisis in Spain’s bipartisan system, in which center-left PSOE and the center-right People’s Party (PP) had long taken turns in power, overshadowing all other parties. The 2015 elections radically changed the situation, with the radical left party “Podemos” (“We can”) and center-right “Ciudadanos” (“Citizens”) notably pressuring PSOE and PP. The parties were ...