... the low intensity wars, terrorist actions, and genocides that are killing innocent people and displacing millions of others means competing for support from the UN, and/or nation states who are major economic powers. Considering that the United States under former president Bill Clinton did not ratify the Kyoto Protocol the bluster of president Trump raises the question of whether there is some game theory (beyond Trump's “Art of The Deal” tactics) running in the background. Time will tell. Possibly one reason the Kremlin has become circumspect on ...
... countries with China, the US, India, and Russia topping the list
. Per capita emissions however vary: for instance, these were 6.7 metric tons per capita in China against 17 tons per capita in the US, according to
the World Bank data for 2011-2015
.
UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and negotiations on a new agreement
International cooperation to address climate change is clustered under the auspices of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Convention was adopted in 1992 with the goal to stabilise ...
... privileges for the least developed states), while the developing world insists on maintaining the status quo.
The positions of China and India, the world's first and third largest emitters, are of key significance, as they had no quantitative obligations under the Kyoto Protocol. Hence, the format of their participation in a new agreement seems decisive. So far, Beijing and New Delhi have refrained from full-fledged obligations, only checking the cooperative aspirations of other countries that see countering the ...
... players on the outlook of a future regime. A new agreement will be more comprehensive in addressing not only carbon mitigation but also adaptation, technology transfers, financial assistance, and capacity-building.
For reducing emissions, a new treaty, unlike the Kyoto Protocol, will apply to all countries including the US, China, India and others. The main question is: to what extent mitigation actions will be binding or not for individual countries, and how they will differ, if at all, for developed and developing ...
