The Three Phases of Jihadism

... establish caliphates. The third phase of Jihadism, namely ISIS, held a post-millenarian perspective, as opposed ... ... which was pre-millenarian. By the same token, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi independently developed a form of jihad ... ... eventually became the Caliphate. The third phase of Jihadism did not take place on the stage of satellite ... ... them to build a mechanism that would lead to the Islamic State and to the Caliphate which was proclaimed ... ... boots on the ground: the 2015 JCPOA agreement allowed Russia to increase presence in Syria and send forces ...