... and fines are feared even in friendly countries. The experience of secondary US sanctions being used against the Chinese COSCO Shipping Tanker and some other companies for the alleged transportation of Iranian oil in 2019 can serve as a warning. The European Union has also provided for a mechanism to punish ships carrying Russian oil above the price ceiling. Violating ships will be denied financial, insurance and other services in EU jurisdiction. The wording of paragraph 7 of Art. 3n of EU Council Regulation No 833/2014 suggests that we are talking about any ship,
regardless ...
... revolution. Joint preparation for this inevitability in the future may turn out to be no less important than reaching agreements on oil extraction quotas in the OPEC+ format.
The report describes the problems of asymmetry in relations between the countries of the MENA and China. Russia could turn out to be quite a good actor, offering its partners in the region a connection to multilateral structures (for ... ... creation of free trade zones between the leading countries of the region and the EAEU can be accelerated.
Like the members of the European Union, Russia would greatly benefit from expanding the range of its partners in the region through civil society institutions,...
... determining the quality of international interaction in the northernmost region of the world. Despite ongoing constructive contacts within the Arctic Council, many of its members and observers maintain sanctions pressure on Russia.
In 2014, the US and the European Union (EU) introduced restrictive measures against the Russian Federation, which are actively associated with a notion of sanctions in the foreign doctrine [
1
].
Ivan Panichkin:
Arctic Oil and Gas Resource Development: Current Situation and Prospects?
However, it should be noted that the prevailing point of view in the Russian legal doctrine is that the notions of sanctions and unilateral restrictive measures should not be confused....
... than 40 times higher (409 bcm and 9 bcm respectively), and exports are more than 24 times greater (187 bcm and 7,7 bcm respectively)
[20]
. Moreover, in 2014 only 0,2 bcm of Azeri gas was transported via the Russian pipeline system
[21]
.
In 2014 European Union was a major consumer of Azeri natural gas and oil, thus making Russia and Azerbaijan competing parties. However, the incommensurable volumes of production and export between the two countries cannot make Russia see Azerbaijan as a potential opponent at the European market.
The South Caucasus region cannot be regarded ...
