... could have been prompted by changes in Iran’s relations with other countries, especially its evolving cooperation with China, Russia and Saudi Arabia. If any agreement has been reached (which is currently too early to judge), it would only boost Iran’s ... ... East’s approach to international relations is Turkey’s foreign policy. Particularly important, is Turkey’s position on Syria prior to the presidential elections in May 2023, and the new aspects it has now acquired following the victory of incumbent ...
... balanced relations based on principles like the respecting sovereignty and non-interference of world powers (not only Russia, but also the United States, and China), as well as regional players.
Ivan Bocharov:
In the Grips of the Army: The Egyptian Economy
From the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to the situation in Libya, Russia and Egypt share similar positions on many issues on the region’s agenda. It is also important that Egypt favors restoring Syria's sovereignty over all its territories, although Cairo has not restored diplomatic relations with Damascus yet.
Cooperation between Russia and Egypt in the energy sector deserves special attention. In 2015, Gazprom and Egyptian company EGAS signed ...
... coupled with the decentralization of state power and the development of local self-government, may be key in resolving the Syrian crisis. Economic reintegration may prove to be a catalyst for the peace process. This working paper presents a political economy model for the settlement of the situation in Syria. The author explores the positions of Russia, Iran and China in Syria and their points of interaction. Possible scenarios for the development of the situation in Syria are analysed in detail, as are the modalities of the impact of the Ukraine crisis on the configuration of external actors ...
... fires raging across the country.
Violation of Territorial Integrity: A Brake on Restoration
Aqeel Saeed Mahfoud:
What Do the Syrian People Expect from Russia?
Even though government forces managed to win back half of "Greater Idlib," which includes Idlib itself and the ... ... km in April 2019 to 3,000 sq. km in March 2020), Damascus is still unable to regain all its territories and reconsolidate the economy.
Since the ISIS “caliphate” was broken up, “parallel economies” have continued to exist in Idlib (led by the “Syrian ...
Paradoxically, the new restrictive measures not only create difficulties, but also form prerequisites for mobilizing Syria’s internal resources and expanding Russia’s economic presence
On June 17, the United States began implementing the Caesar Act (the “Caesar Syria Civilian Protection ... ... cases in
northeast
Syria back on April 28.
Initially, Syrian experts thought that the country’s marginalization in the global economy would make it less vulnerable to the pandemic. The authorities established a governmental headquarters and deployed a ...
... that against the backdrop of diving oil prices and mounting sanctions and military pressure on Iran, secure supplies can only be provided with the liberation of oil fields in the east or the replacement of Iranian oil with Russian oil. In the meantime, Russian companies are also threatened by the US’ secondary sanctions.
The Syrian economy took a big hit by the financial crisis in Lebanon, whose banking sector had always opened a window to the outside world for Syria. About a quarter of deposits in Lebanese banks belong to Syrian business, including government-related companies....
... journal “Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs” (Turkey), an English language journal on foreign affairs. The materials included in this report were initially published in a special issue of
PERCEPTIONS
. The paper presents the views of Russian and Turkish experts in the field of International Relations on the relationship between the two sides with a focus on key areas for cooperation. The report provides an analysis of bilateral economic ties between the two countries, strategic challenges ...
... ships transporting Iranian petroleum under the sanctions.
The challenge is further aggravated by the sanctions that Russia itself faces and even more so
those that Iran
has come to experience. All of this contributes to the continuing crippling of the Syrian economy.
Against this background, Russia could step up as an oil supplier to Syria, yet its companies, including state-owned corporations, observe the sanctions’ regime and feel reluctant risking any violations for the sake of Syria. The associated risks of being put on the lists administered ...
... Moscow, sanctions de-facto help consolidate domestic support for Bashar Al-Assad – at least at the level of the Syrian business community. Moscow also believes that Al-Assad will not cooperate with Europe until at least some sanctions are lifted. Russians and Europeans have to engage in a more specific discussion about the impact of international sanctions on various sectors of the Syrian economy, the political dynamics in Damascus, and what the notion of “smart sanctions” might mean in the case of Syria.
Fifth. Europe does not want to extend international recognition or legitimation to the Al-Assad regime. For many in Europe, Syria ...
RIAC Working Paper No. 51/2019
RIAC Working Paper No. 51/2019
The working paper considers Russia’s geostrategic interests in the Middle East and the concept of Russia’s
return to the world stage as a great power. The paper analyses Russia’s regional interests, including the
development of trade ties, attracting investment, gaining access ...
