... Second World Internet Conference in 2015, the first principle is "respect for sovereignty in the Internet space."
As in Russia, ensuring security in cyberspace is an essential part of the digital sovereignty policy pursued by China. In 2016, China promulgated the
Law on Cybersecurity
and the
National Cyberspace Security Strategy
. The strategic planning documents emphasize the need to ensure sovereignty and national security in cyberspace, protect information infrastructure, and combat cyber terrorism and crime. This ...
... regulate tech giants around the world have marked global long-term trends. The authors of this working paper take a closer look at recent key changes in Big Tech regulation both at the international level and in individual jurisdictions of the EU, USA, China and Russia, examining the different ways in which governments have tried to strike a regulatory balance between freedom and security, as well as between digital ecosystem development and healthy competition. This paper also includes an analysis ...
... heavily-indebted developing economies was the
provision of debt-relief
to cope with the shock of the COVID pandemic. According to the OECD the total debt relief extended by advanced economies in 2020 amounted to USD 541 mn. At the same time, according to China’s Ministry of Finance, the Export-Import Bank of China as well as the China International Development Cooperation Agency have suspended debt service payments from 23 countries totalling more than USD 1.3 bn. Overall, the total debt relief provided ...
... others? These are the questions addressed in the RAND think tank's recent
report
"
Fighting Shadows in the Dark. Understanding and Countering Coercion in Cyberspace
". The authors discuss cyber operations conducted by four states — Russia, China, Iran and North Korea — and try to determine whether those activities amounted to cyber coercion.
Starting with the study findings, we will highlight the following points. Cyber operations intended to coerce are a small subset of overall cyber ...
... multipolarity dominated by the United States
. This new transformation is, first of all, caused by changes in military and strategic relations between Russia and the United States, as well as by the appearance of a new global centre of power, namely China, which is not involved in the nuclear disarmament process.
The gradual erosion of the strategic arms limitation and reduction regime
: the United States has now withdrawn both from the ABM Treaty and the INF Treaty, the New START treaty is set ...
...
Anastasia Tolstukhina:
Business in Need of Cyber Rules
So Microsoft encourages Russian companies to join efforts in the field of cybersecurity?
Yes, our business has always been about partnering with others, even going way back to Windows and Office and the ... ... words “every person and every organization on the planet” are important to us because we want to be very clear: Whether it's China, whether it's somewhere in the Middle East, wherever we're not prohibited by law from doing business, we want to find a ...
... handle those matters. Since India does not have enough specialized organizations, foreign organizations were brought in, in particular, American ones, which, for obvious reasons, was not conducive to strengthening cyber protection. Since Pakistan and China were traditionally considered to be India’s principal adversaries on the cyber front, this state of affairs was considered acceptable.
The American challenge
India’s first serious attempt to respond to challenges in cybersecurity date back to 2012. At the Munich Security Conference, Indian specialists stated they were working on creating their own microprocessors and planning to cut imports of military software, instead of channeling money into domestic R&D (the ...
... project, while partly supporting the idea. Third, suspicious international reactions are detrimental to the country’s image.
Pavel Sharikov:
Protecting Sensitive Data: The Experience of Russia and the US
3. Juggling various interests
Following the Cybersecurity law of 2017, China introduced the non-binding national standard Personal Information Security Specification that is somewhat similar to GDPR. The main focus of the document, however, lies in ensuring national security while still making sure personal data is only ...
... life are recorded. On the basis of each personal record a given person will be subject to examining before he/she is granted social privileges, i.e. social credit. The punishment scale for any misconduct is severe and rigid. This goes nicely along the
cybersecurity law
, which was passed in China in 2016 and aims at storing all big data on the Chinese soil. What kind of cyber defense will such a state where the population lives under the big eye have? A question, which will not remain unanswered for long. The backdrop to this story is China’s ...
... development of cyberspace.
Can Rules of the Game be Worked Out?
REUTERS/Christian Hartmann
Dmitry Konukhov:
Vaccinated Atom: Cybersecurity for Nuclear
Plants
It is worth noting here that the international regulation of cyberspace has attracted more and ... ... to the securitization and militarization of this sector, as well as to changes in the balance of powers, primarily Russia and China. Cyberspace is not just a phenomenon of international politics, it is the driving force behind a series of transformations ...
