... neighbors), the latter, formally proposing the same thing, is more flexible as it takes into account the multi-level cooperation of Turkey with the West.
For Russia, the more inclusive interpretation, especially given the 2014-2023 trends, seems more palatable. But no matter how Ankara,... ... and Tehran seek to shield themselves from external influence, it can hardly be contained. And it is not just about NATO. Both China and India are looking at the Caucasus with interest, and they have not yet deployed their resources there. So, this still lies ahead ...
... there are problems with balancing. The imbalance of exports and imports makes it difficult to use rubles and rupees in mutual settlements. Indian business is also very cautious in dealing with Russian counterparties. The Indian market is important for Russia, but India itself, like China, can hardly be considered a “black knight” yet.
The same can be said about Turkey. Trade volumes have showт significant growth. Turkey has become an important hub for the supply of goods to Russia by companies that have left the country, as well as for the re-export of Russian goods. Turkish banks experimented with the MIR ...
... withdrawal.
The NATO withdrawal creates significant hurdles for regional stability and a power vacuum in Central Asia. There are several players, both internal and external, who are seeking to fill the void left by the Americans and their allies. Pakistan, India, Iran, Turkey, China and Russia seem poised to play the next “
great game
” in the so-called “
graveyard of empires
”. Some of these states have a vested interest in the stability of Afghanistan to ensure regional security and foster economic interests as well as mitigate ...
... though Turkey’s efforts to expand its influence across the Ummah via its Muslim Brotherhood allies could prolong instability in West Asia and North Africa;
Each of them is also actively expanding their influence through regional institutions such as Russia’s Eurasian Union, Turkey’s Turkic Council, India’s BIMSTEC, and China’s BRI-linked structures, all of which could better coordinate if Turkey ever joins the SCO (since it is the only of the four nations that is not a SCO member).
Contradictions
China’s growing economic influence in Central and West Asia could ...
... Yes, the meeting between the leaders of the United States and China was a success, but this did not prevent Washington from then ... ... principal rival. No matter how much Washington may be courting India seen as a main counterbalance to China in the new political ... ... has additional insurance and an alternative counterbalance.
For Russia, the current situation is interesting in that now the other ... ... difficult decisions today. Talks about potential new candidates (Turkey, Argentina and Indonesia) can be held until these candidates ...
