The Three Phases of Jihadism

... specialized in contemporary issues of the Middle East and Muslims in the West. He is a professor and director of the Middle East and Mediterranean ... ... an author of 20 books. His latest book , “Beyond Chaos: The Crisis in the Mediterranean and the Middle East,” is an analysis ... ... development on Saudi Arabia and then later Iran, through three stages of Jihadism. This analysis is taken from an interview with Dr. Kepel.... ... 1997, was centered around both a jihad against the Soviets in Afghanistan and the possibility for Sunni groups to contain Iranian ...