Cyber Caliphate: What Apps Are the Islamic State Using?

... without Metropole or Cyber Activism? The success of Islamic State militants can largely be attributed to ... ... Corporation and the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism at The Hague, Colin P. Clarke suggested ... ... document, based on a Kuwaiti firm’s manual on cybersecurity, popped up in jihadi forums. The document ... ... provide communication even without access to the Internet, for example, by using Bluetooth . The programs ... ... makes mention of Pavel Durov’s messaging system, Telegram . It was a massive information campaign that ...