...
of the EU, and the United States issued a
general license
toward previously blocked Belarusian enterprises.
Clouds reappeared on the horizon in 2020, and after the incident with the Ryanair flight, the pressure on Minsk increased significantly. The European Union has expanded its lists of blocked persons. By June 2021,
these were 166 individuals and 15 legal entities
, including such large companies as MAZ and BELAZ.
Sectoral sanctions
have been introduced. Among them are bans on the supply of defence products, goods for the tobacco industry, restrictions on importing a number of petroleum products and potash fertilizers, a ban on transactions with government debt securities ...
... Tobacco, New Oil Company Vostok, Intersevis, and Neman Tobacco.
To this list we need to add nine more large companies, according to which at the beginning of June this year the general license was not renewed. That is, they were no longer exempt from the sanctions.
In part, this list overlaps with the list of 78 organizations specified by the European Union when it introduced
its restrictions in June
. Brussels also used sectoral sanctions, but their principle is different from the American one. In particular, certain categories of petroleum products and potash fertilisers were prohibited ...
... Beirsteker, S. Eckert and M. Tourihno (cds).
Targeted Sanctions. The Impacts and Effectiveness of United Nations Action
, New York: Cambridge University Press: 38-59.
Giumelli, F., Hoffmann, F. and Ksiazczakova, A. (2020) ‘The When, Where and Why of European Union Sanctions’,
European Security
, Vol 30 (1): 1-23.
Hufbauer, G., Shott, J., Elliott, K., Oegg, B. (2009)
Economic Sanctions Reconsidered. Third Edition
, Washington DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.
Portela, C. (2010)
European Union ...
New sanctions may turn out to be even more serious than the restrictive measures introduced last year in response to the situation around the presidential elections
The detention in Belarus of a plane operated by the Irish company Ryanair has caused a sharp ...
... alleged poisoning, and the other after the arrest of the Russian opposition YouTuber Navalny. Tough measures against Moscow were proposed in previous resolutions as well. In some ways, their intention is consistent with American bills on “draconian sanctions”, such as DASKA: to designate a “lowest denominator” and possible measures that the European Union could potentially take. The threat of disconnection from SWIFT was the “icing on the cake”, which, as expected, was popular in the media success.
However, the markets ignored the resolution of the European Parliament. There are several ...
Report 65/2021
Report 65/2021
The report analyses the application of foreign sanctions against Russian citizens, companies and economy sectors. It also considers global trends in the use of sanctions and restrictive measures against Russia within individual areas (the “Ukrainian package,” sanctions against pipeline projects,...
... from extraterritorial US sanctions. The work on them was carried out
by both European expert centres and the European Commission
. Currently, we can talk about the formation of a number of strategic goals, the achievement of which should allow the European Union to
increase its stability
in relation to extraterritorial sanctions of the United States and other countries.
Such goals include the following:
Strengthening the role of the euro in international settlements. Already today, the euro ranks second after the dollar in international payments and reserves. However,...
Although sanctions have affected the Russian economy, it continues to grow and become resilient towards increased trade barriers
Since 2014, Russian and American diplomacy has been defined by economic sanctions. This has become the default, expected option for ...
... sanctions are the result of a common European foreign policy. The very fact of their use symbolises the unity of the EU, even when it comes to purely symbolic measures.
Ivan Timofeev:
A State or a Person? Who Are the ‘Smart Sanctions’ Against?
The European Union’s sanctions are unilateral restrictions. In other words, Brussels introduces them, bypassing the UN Security Council. Presently, the UN Security Council is the only legitimate source of international restrictions. Independent actions by states and international ...
... back in 2017. On the other hand, with Republicans in control of the Senate, Joe Biden will be significantly constrained in what he can do in foreign policy, the Russian dimension included. Capitol Hill will be in a position to play an active role in sanctions policy toward Russia, in the modernization of US nuclear forces, in limiting White House autonomy in matters like the JCPOA or in decisions related to the US military presence abroad. The influence of the legislative power on US-Russian relations ...
