... closeness and the protection of national producers in order to achieve greater industrial and technological independence. The willingness to actively cooperate in creating a common financial or logistics infrastructure does not mean the willingness of Brazil, Russia or perhaps Argentina to open their markets and increase competition with imports from China.
China’s approach to the implementation of the BRICS+ format implies rather a “union of regionalisms”, when not trade blocs, but regional associations (SCO, CELAC, African Union) participate in the dialogue. China has established a dialogue ...
... objectives and synchronize views. In the last few years, nearly a decade into its establishment and operation, BRICS is facing a crisis. On the one hand, the crisis has a specific set of causes, which include an economic downturn in three of its countries (Russia, Brazil, South Africa) as well as the worsening contradictions between China and India or between China and Brazil. The accumulated dissatisfaction with the actual results of the grouping’s ten years of operation has also contributed to these trends, since many initiatives remained mere slogans, including the goal to amplify ...
...,000 people or almost half of humanity
With some of the potentially fastest growing economies and rich human capital
A combined GDP of 17.259 tr with the second largest world economy in the mix
Having two permanent seats on the UN Security Council: China and Russia
Brazil and India are also part of G4 with Germany and Japan
Largest global gas reserves: Russia and Iran to anchor energy security
A whole array of latent infrastructure projects/synergies among the six nations
The intra-group synergies between these ...
... of the Foreign Ministers of BRICS countries is set to take place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The meetings at the level of the heads of Foreign Ministries is held twice per... ... of mutual interest and has helped promote mutual understanding".
For her part Russia’s Foreign Ministry’s Spokesperson Maria Zakharova announced that a meeting... ... may well feature prominently on this year’s agenda of Brazil’s presidency.
For China the upcoming meeting in Brazil will be an opportunity to employ both the multilateral...
... not gone unnoticed. The Brazilian media has started to call Araújo’s growing isolation a “
cordon sanitaire
.”
The USSR Standing between Brazil and Russia
Given the budding internal confrontation, it is extremely hard to predict the course that Brazil–Russia relations will take. Unlike China, Russia was not criticized directly by the new President, but this might be due to the fact that Russia was not mentioned at all during Bolsonaro’s campaign. We can only guess as to his attitude towards the country.
As an ardent anti-communist,...
... feel like a leader in the process. The paragraph on preventing militarization of outer space did not contain references to the Russia-China initiative.
Andrey Kortunov:
Why the World is Not Becoming Multipolar
The initiatives discussed not only in the Business ... ... World Health Organization’s Global Ministerial Conference on Ending Tuberculosis held in Moscow, the World Water Forum in Brazil, the Vaccine Research and Development Center and matters related to outer space – that is, everything that was not listed ...
... real cooperation. By now the list of common projects is as follows:
1. Russia’s Global Navigation Satellite System has a ground control station in Brasilia (Brazil) while Brazil is currently
developing
the second launcher family with the help of Russian partners.
2. In 1988 China and Brazil concluded an
agreement
on cooperation in S&T sphere followed by initiating China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) program — a long-term driver of joint cooperation. Remote sensing satellites are a prerogative of bilateral collaboration....
... cooperation development within BRICS in such key areas of interaction as policy and security, economy, trade and investment, agriculture, science and innovation, education, health, culture, etc. has passed. The first summit of the heads of state from Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) was held on the initiative of Russia in 2009 in Yekaterinburg. The format was considered successful, and summit meetings became annual. In 2011, the most economically developed state of Africa, South Africa, became an official member of the ...
... consults initiated by Russia, preceded the summit and they will also follow it; all in all, they will be held
in over 30 areas
. Particular mention should be made of the BRICS Think Tank Council (BTTC) which brings together BRICS strategic centers in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Expert recommendations drafted at the scheduled meeting of the
Goa BRICS Academic Forum in September
were brought to the attention of the heads of state.
What changes did take place in a little over a year between Russia’s ...
... similar way to that of other development banks — for example, the World Bank — and start to operate in new areas, such as insurance and arbitration services.
Parallel initiatives can also help to improve the bank’s work. For example, the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), China’s Silk Road fund, Brazil’s BTG Pactual, South Africa’s DMSA and India’s IDFC all signed an agreement at the BRICS Summit in Ufa on joint investment and infrastructure projects. It is expected that the funds will be used on a bilateral basis with a focus ...
