... China and India continue to vie with each other as leaders of economic growth, while Brazil, South Africa and Russia have witnessed a systemic crisis since the mid-2010s, when the fall in GDP alternates with stagnant growth. Economic difficulties in Brazil and South Africa have led to a change of elites. The new leaders have sought to critically rethink their goals and priorities in unification. However, today BRICS is no longer a club of growth leaders, and the ability of the candidate countries to effectively participate in solving the most acute current problems facing the developing world — the energy and food crises — is coming to the fore. In many ...
... world (the Africa-South America Summit or the Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation), where the country could take the lead.
Brazil confronted serious political and economic crises in the mid-2010s, which could not but affect the dynamics of BRICS as a whole, a trend coupled with economic slowdowns in Russia and South Africa. Many economists have noted that the key challenge for the Brazilian economy at the time was the low productivity, which could be solved by a serious modernization, including through attracting FDI in technology. The new elites, upon coming to power in 2018 (the Bolsonaro government), saw the solution not so ...
... the mirror are closer than they appear.” In other words, China may also be a subject to sanctions at one point partially or fully.
Tristan Kenderdine:
US–Iran Conflict Would Strengthen China’s Position in the Middle East
China, Russia, India, Brazil, and South Africa are the founding members of the
New Development Bank
. NDB’s 2017–2021 general strategy clearly highlights the bank’s commitment and intention to be new in three areas: 1) new relationships; 2) new projects and instruments; 3) new ...
BRICS Attracted Far Greater Positive Attention than its Rivals
The second cycle of ... ... “the fourth industrial revolution,” and Africa’s special role in the context of South Africa’s claim to leadership on the continent. On the other hand, each party... ... Ministerial Conference on Ending Tuberculosis held in Moscow, the World Water Forum in Brazil, the Vaccine Research and Development Center and matters related to outer space...
... scientific-educational satellite called YouthSat to study solar flares and their influence on the Earth.
4. The IBSA trilateral alliance (India, Brazil, South Africa), formalized in 2003, stands for reciprocal exchange of knowledge in S&T sphere in space domain.
5. Surprisingly, in this “adult” realm youth dimension has its voice: in the wake of the first Youth BRICS Summit (2015) Ministers of the Youth Affairs
suggested
creating a common space station (that would be required after expiration ...
... sector-specific areas of cooperation.
It should be recognized that, given the economic situation — like the slowdown in economic growth in many BRICS countries and even its downturns, as well as political factors such as deteriorating situation in Brazil and South Africa, the growing tension between Russia and the leading Western countries, BRICS is being seriously challenged.
Primarily, BRICS carries political content in order to enhance the role of the five countries in global governance and to be not only rule-takers, but also rule-makers in global governance.
Firstly, the formation of ...
... including civil society consults initiated by Russia, preceded the summit and they will also follow it; all in all, they will be held
in over 30 areas
. Particular mention should be made of the BRICS Think Tank Council (BTTC) which brings together BRICS strategic centers in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Expert recommendations drafted at the scheduled meeting of the
Goa BRICS Academic Forum in September
were brought to the attention of the heads of state.
What changes did take place in a little over a year between Russia’s and India’s ...
... development programmes in the BRICS countries and those of its partners. A number of bilateral agreements on financing development programmes have already been reached between BRICS countries, including agreements on currency swaps (between China and Brazil) and bilateral loans (
between China and South Africa
).
Despite the fact that the BRICS countries are able to finance development programmes on a bilateral basis, a number of incentives encouraged them to set up the bank — firstly, the need to share risks, and secondly, the need to increase the legitimacy of their south—south ...
... Healthcare is an important area of cooperation. Brazil has allocated $21 million for the construction of a factory that will manufacture antiretroviral medicines in Mozambique, where 10 per cent of the population is infected with the HIV virus
[29]
.
South Africa as a New Player in BRICS
www.flickr.com/photos/myancnet
President Zuma welcomes Brazil President
Dilma Rousseff, Durban, 26/03/2013
The Republic of South Africa is also active on the African continent. Speaking at Stellenbosch University in 2012 during a seminar entitled “South Africa – A Strong Building Block for BRICS”,...
... global trend rests on enforcement, the expansion of sanctions and hasty military intervention, whereas it is preventive diplomacy and peacekeeping operations that must become the key tools.
BRICS Countries in Peacemaking
India indisputably outnumbers its BRICS partners and is followed by Brazil, with South Africa and China trailing behind. Russia is the unquestionable underachiever, with the numbers of its military and police in the UN missions on a clear downward spiral.
During the past decade, Western countries have been curtailing their participation ...
